My research examines the self-system. I focus on the role of the self in two areas: intergroup processes and psychological adjustment. Within the intergroup context, I am interested in (a) self-related processes associated with intergroup perception and (b) the effects of "stigma" (i.e., being socially devalued based on group membership) on self-esteem and ego-resilience. Within the area of psychological adjustment, I am interested in (a) self-related processes associated with psychological well-being and (b) the role of self-conscious emotions (shame and guilt) in psychopathology. I also have interests in psychological measurement and multivariate statistical techniques.